There are numerous factors that you need to consider when you’re building your banking stack, including your runway, your burn rate, the flexibility you need from your bank, the safety of your funds, the type of accounts you need to serve your customers, and much more. But the biggest variable to consider is how much cash you have on hand.
The larger your cash reserve, the more complex your banking stack needs to be. These are just general guidelines; you should discuss your specific requirements with your accountant(s) and your bank representative.
$250,000 or under. Very lightly funded startups can probably just have one business checking account. Capital preservation shouldn’t be an issue, since FDIC insurance will cover up to $250,000.
$250,000-$1 million. At this point, you will probably need two accounts, a business checking account for operational expenses and a second account to hold additional funds. Consider setting up your second account at a different bank, which offers you greater FDIC protection and protects you if there are issues with your primary bank.
$1 million-$10 million. This level of funding is significant, and startups should add more options to their banking stack. A credit card account helps you manage expenses. You should also consider a cash management program for funds that exceed the amount you need for the next 12 months. At current short-term rates, idle cash in a cash-management program can earn a meaningful yield, so funds you won’t need for 12 months shouldn’t sit in a zero-interest checking account.
$20-$30 million. At this funding level, your startup probably has a significant number of employees, which means you may need to create a payroll account, an income tax account, and possibly a merchant services account.
$30-$40 million. Other accounts you may need include accounts receivable and accounts payable. Startups doing significant sales should consider a sales tax account, where you can place the sales taxes you’ve collected until you remit them to the proper taxing authorities.
$40-$50 million. You should make sure funds are invested across a range of low-risk options. You will want professional cash management, and you should set up an investment policy statement that’s approved by your board of directors.
$50 million+. You’ve reached the point where you probably need to set up separate operating accounts for different business functions, like marketing.